Physical and Microbiological Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Honey Bee Pollen

This study aimed to evaluate the physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of bee-collected pollen, with special consideration antimicrobial resistance isolated microorganisms selected antibiotics. A hierarchy cluster analysis was conducted, in which bee pollen samples were divided into four groups by their colour. The highest antioxidant activity among monofloral found for autumn raspberry lowest clover using ABTS test. total phenol content rapeseed second-highest all analysed, might indicate a correlation between high strong activity. Our indicated moderate moisture Enterobacteriaceae counts, as well bacterial count. Among bacteria (n = 34) from prevalence Bacillus spp. coagulase-negative staphylococci. identified 18 cases. number cases, i.e., when isolates resistant ampicillin (seven cases) penicillin (eight cases), indicates an environmental effect because, this study, no antibiotics used apiaries harvesting pollen. need improved safety procedures production human consumption.